The term “biodiversity” refers to the diversity of living organisms, encompassing diversity of species, diversity of genes within individual species, and the organisation and distribution of ecosystems.

Biodiversity is the principal source of benefits derived from ecosystems, providing us with oxygen and food, as well as participating in fundamental mechanisms such as air purification, the water cycle and fertilisation of the soil. Biodiversity also plays a crucial role in climate stabilisation and temperance, and in limiting certain effects of natural catastrophes. As well as being a vital resource for mankind in the face of environmental challenges, the living world provides countless benefits in economic and social terms, and in fields such as medicine and culture.